Sayyiduna wa Mawlana-l Imam 'Umar ibnu-l Khattab was born in Mecca in 577CE. He was the second caliph. Imam 'Umar ibnu-l Khattab was initially hostile towards Islam. Upon hearing that his sister had accepted Islam he went to her, questioning her about Islam, and demanding that she give him the parts of the Qur'an that she had. His sister refused, stating that he was unclean, and demanded that he wash before touching the parchment. Eventually Imam Umar ibnu-l Khattab relented and, on receiving the Qur'an, he recited it, broke down in teaches, and accepted Islam. From that day forward he became one of the foremost companions of the Prophet Muhammad (May the Salutations of Allah be upon him and Peace). His initial hostility was turned against those who opposed Islam and Imam 'Umar ibnu-l Khattab openly prayed at the Ka'aba and protected others who did so too. Reflecting on these events, Abdullah Ibn Mas'oud said "Umar's embracing Islam was our victory, his migration to Medina was our success, and his reign was a blessing from Allah. We didn't offer prayers in the Masjid al-Haram until 'Umar had accepted Islam. When he accepted Islam, the Quraysh were compelled to let us pray in the Mosque." Imam 'Umar ibnu-l Khattab's Caliphate saw a vast expansion of the Islamic empire and the following saying neatly sums his rule, he said "By Allah, he that is weakest among you shall be in my sight the strongest, until I have vindicated for him his rights; but him that is strongest will I treat as the weakest, until he complies with the laws." For Imam 'Umar ibnu-l Khattab, simplicity and duty were his guiding principles and impartiality and devotion the leading features of his administration. He had one mantle and one shirt, both conspicuous for their patchwork, a simple and symbolic attire adopted by later Sufis. Imam 'Umar ibnu-l Khattab died in 23AH/644CE in Medina and is buried by the side of the Prophet Muhammad's (May the Salutations of Allah be upon him and Peace) grave.